Medical properties of horsetail

 

Horsetail has long been utilized as a remedy for numerous ailments, such as wounds, inflammation, weak bones, high blood sugar, and urinary problems. Yet, many recognize it as a troublesome garden weed.

The most prevalent variety in the Midwest is common horsetail, or field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.). It is toxic to livestock, particularly when consumed in large amounts, likely due to its thiamine depletion effects. Despite its toxicity to animals, it has been explored for its potential health benefits in humans with minimal side effects.

Continue reading to discover more about horsetail, its potential health benefits, risks, and popular herbal alternatives!

Understanding Horsetail

Known as Equisetum arvense, horsetail is a perennial plant native to temperate regions like North America, Europe, and Asia. Often found as a common garden "weed," its use dates back to ancient Greeks and Romans who utilized it for bleeding, wound healing, and treating conditions like kidney stones and tuberculosis.

Resembling a horse's tail, about 25% of its dry weight consists of silica, a compound of silicon and oxygen. Additionally, horsetail is rich in polyphenols, antioxidants, and oils that may positively impact human health.

Today, horsetail is available as tea, extracts, ointments, creams, or pills, touted for benefits like improved hair, skin, and nail health, bone health, and urinary conditions. While evidence of its effectiveness is limited, ongoing research may provide more insights in the future.

Uses of Horsetail

Despite inconclusive research, people often use horsetail for several reasons:

Reducing Inflammation: Traditionally, horsetail has been used to treat inflammatory conditions like arthritis. It may inhibit lymphocyte proliferation due to its minerals, flavonoids, and plant compounds. Research suggests that topical use might be more effective than oral supplements.

Lowering Blood Sugar: Some use horsetail to naturally reduce blood sugar. Animal studies indicate it has an anti-diabetic effect, improving insulin sensitivity, though human studies are limited.

Improving Bone Density: Rich in silica, horsetail may reduce osteoporosis risk by enhancing calcium absorption and collagen formation. Studies in rats showed increased bone density with horsetail extract.

Addressing Urinary Issues: Known as an astringent, horsetail has been used to reduce urinary incontinence. Studies show reductions in frequency and incontinence episodes when combined with other herbs.

Lowering Blood Pressure: Horsetail may be as effective as some medications for stage one hypertension, thanks to its diuretic properties.

Promoting Hair Growth: Due to its antioxidant and silica content, horsetail might support hair growth and reduce hair loss. However, studies often involve horsetail as part of a compound, making it difficult to attribute benefits solely to horsetail.

Aiding Skin Healing: The antioxidants, silica, and phytochemicals in horsetail support wound healing through collagen growth and bacteria inhibition. Topical use has shown positive effects.

Potential Side Effects

While horsetail offers potential health benefits, it also presents risks:

Thiamine Deficiency Risk: Horsetail contains thiaminase, which can break down vitamin B1, leading to deficiency if used long-term.

Not for Pregnancy or Breastfeeding: There's insufficient information on its effects during pregnancy or breastfeeding, so it's best avoided.

Hypoglycaemia Risk: Horsetail might lower blood sugar, causing hypoglycaemia when combined with diabetes medications.

Low Potassium Levels: Its diuretic effects can lead to hypokalaemia, especially for those already at risk.

Medication Interactions: Horsetail can interact with medications affecting blood pressure, blood sugar, and fluid retention. Consult a doctor before use.

Alternatives to Horsetail

If horsetail isn't suitable, consider these natural alternatives:

Cinnamon: Known for lowering blood sugar and reducing inflammation, cinnamon has shown positive effects in studies.

Chromium: This trace mineral supports healthy blood sugar levels and improves insulin sensitivity.

Aloe: Known for soothing burns, aloe vera may also lower cholesterol and blood sugar.

Bitter Melon: Traditionally used for its antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, it helps regulate blood sugar.

Bilberry: Rich in antioxidants, bilberry supports eye health and may help lower blood sugar. Studies indicate positive effects on glycaemic control.